The conservator is an important member of the archaeological team. Conservators have a unique understanding of the materials commonly used in antiquity, and the science of their preservation and decay. Their job is to make sure that artefacts are stabilised and cared for in a way that will ensure their long-term survival, and also to gain as much information as possible from them.

First-aid for finds
The conservator advises the finds assistant or excavator on the correct handling of delicate artefacts and gives fragile ones 'first-aid' conservation during excavation. This may be as simple as keeping waterlogged objects cool and wet, or it could involve building a support around a fragile artefact to allow it to be removed safely from the soil.
Erica Paterson using a binocular microscope
 What have we here?
Once at the laboratory a conservation assessment is made. This involves a number of specialised investigative techniques. Examination through a microscope helps to establish what the object is made from. Objects made from materials which look alike such as bone, antler and ivory can often be distinguished from one another using a low-powered binocular microscope, which magnifies the surface to 10 or 20 times its actual size.

The conservator can then assess the condition and stability of each category of material and decide what work needs to be carried out to ensure that the finds will be safe, both for handling by other specialists and in storage.
Revelations
The conservator uses X-radiography for certain categories of artefacts, especially metals. This enables him to see through layers of soil and corrosion crusts to the artefact underneath. It also helps to confirm what an object was made from and to check its condition, identifying weak, fragile areas. It can also reveal previously unknown technological information such as how an object was created or decorated; it may even give a clue as to why the object was thrown away. Many a mysterious lump of corrosion has revealed hidden treasures!
Taking a closer look
The assessment allows the team to decide what to do next. Investigative conservation might include removing some of the corrosion products to reveal underlying detail or decoration, or chemical analysis might be carried out to identify tin or silver plating used to decorate an object.		 Julie Jones using video microscope
Discussion with specialists. Teamwork
Finally, conservators have an important contribution to make towards the long-term survival of the artefacts. They work together with the curatorial team to ensure that the most appropriate packaging systems and environmental conditions are provided. They make sure the correct materials are used in museum displays and in storage, and they monitor the condition of the objects over time. Conservation is not a one-off treatment but a continuing process ensuring the best care for the survival of artefacts during study, display and long-term storage.